Every Bone Tells a Story: Hominin Discoveries, Deductions, and Debates by Jill Rubalcaba and Peter Robertshaw

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BIBLIOGRAPHY

Rubalcaba, J. & Robertshaw, P. (2010). Every bone tells a story: Hominin discoveries, deductions, and debates.  Watertown, MA: Charlesbridge.  ISBN 9781580891646. 185p.

SUMMARY

Jill Rubalcaba and Peter Robertshaw share four fascinating stories of the past in their book entitled Every Bone Tells a Story: Hominin Discoveries, Deductions, and Debates.  Readers will meet four hominin skeletons that have been named Turkana Boy, Lapedo Child, Kennewick Man, and Iceman.  Rubalcaba and Robertshaw describe how and where each skeleton was discovered, and they reveal techniques that scientists use to uncover precious information from the remains.  They also inform the readers about the various obstacles that scientists often encounter as they strive to study the past.  Sometimes big delays are forced upon their research attempts as debates take place.  From the information the archaeologists do uncover, Rubalcaba and Robertshaw demonstrate how they can create interesting stories of what life may have been like for these four individuals and others that lived during those time periods.

CRITICAL ANALYSIS

Jill Rubalcaba and Peter Robertshaw craft a very informative book about the past in Every Bone Tells a Story: Hominin Discoveries, Deductions, and Debates.  Their work is presented in a nicely organized book with four distinct studies of the four hominin skeletal remains.  In chronological order, they describe the discovery of each hominin in an easy to read story form much like a fictional novel.  They even recreate what the last days of the deceased’s’ life might have been like.  The book itself is beautifully made with thick, glossy pages, colorful photos, and numerous images.  Following the conclusion, there is a time line, detailed glossary, and extensive list of references. Although the time line could have been placed in front of the book for the readers to follow as they read along, the overall book is a fascinating piece of work that’s hard to put down. 

Wheels of Change: How Women Rode the Bicycle to Freedom (With a Few Flat Tires Along the Way) by Sue Macy

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BIBLIOGRAPHY

Macy, S. (2011). Wheels of Change: How Women Rode the Bicycle to Freedom (With a Few Flat Tires Along the Way).  Washington, DC: National Geographic.  ISBN 9781426307614. 96 p.

SUMMARY

Wheels of Change: How Women Rode the Bicycle to Freedom (With a Few Flat Tires Along the Way) by Sue Macy is far more than a story describing the evolution of the bicycle.  It is also a look at the impact the bicycle made on the lives of women.  The bicycle became a new, affordable, nonliving form of transportation, and that was a positive invention for both men and women.  Women, however, reaped a host of new welcomed changes that were triggered by the bicycle.  An American woman’s nineteenth century wardrobe was not conducive to riding a bike, so several impressive modifications took place.  The bicycle also prompted unprecedented freedom for women in terms of mobility, exercise, challenges, voices, and more.  This two wheeled invention also brought about other changes in society.

CRITICAL ANALYSIS

Sue Macy, author of Wheels of Change: How Women Rode the Bicycle to Freedom (With a Few Flat Tires Along the Way), successfully crafted an informative book that encompasses the introduction of the bicycle and the surprising gains made for women and the advertising industry.  Her narrative style is easy to understand and is accompanied by well documented dates, locations, and names.  Her use of different styles, colors, and sizes of fonts results in an attractive display of words.  Macy incorporates wonderful images including actual photos, cards, posters, diagrams, labels, advertisements, and medals from the corresponding time period.  The illustrations are accompanied by written captions that are interesting and sometimes humorous.  Splashes of color can be found on almost every page creating a rather beautiful nonfiction book.  Macy concludes her book with an historical timeline relating to the events discussed in the book which will be beneficial to the reader since the events within the book are not entirely in chronological order.  Wheels of Change is a wonderful read particularly to women of all ages. 

Trapped by Michael Northrop

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BIBLIOGRAPHY

Northrop, M. (2011). Trapped.  New York, NY: Scholastic Press.  ISBN 9780545210126. 232 p.

SUMMARY

At first, it seems like a dream come true.  School is dismissed early since the wintry weather is gaining momentum.  Scotty Weems and six other students decide not to get on the bus, and they stay a little later at their high school with one teacher in attendance.  As time passes, the students and teacher gradually come together and realize that the snow is falling unusually heavy with no end in sight.  Cell phones are not working.  Roads and lawns disappear under layers of snow, and rides never come.  The electricity goes out which means no lights, no heat, and no cooking.  Pipes freeze, and that’s not all that goes wrong.   The dream becomes a nightmare. 

CRITICAL ANALYSIS

Michael Northrop, author of Trapped, tells the story of a group of high school students who become stranded at school when an unprecedented snowstorm hits the town.  Northrop speaks through the protagonist, Scotty Weems, a sophomore in high school.  He uses Scotty’s voice to actually speak to the reader using a friendly and familiar conversational tone.  The dialog is quick and easy to read.  Readers will meet a core group of teenaged characters with different believable personalities, and they will walk the halls of a high school that most readers understand.  Northrop successfully describes the mounting problems the group encounters and holds the reader’s attention.  Although some foreshadowing gives away potential surprises, that same foreshadowing may also encourage some readers to continue reading the story to discover how the pieces fit together and how it will all end.  Trapped is a unique high school survival story.

Enclave by Ann Aguirre

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BIBLIOGRAPHY

Aguirre, A. (2011). Enclave.  New York, NY: Feiwel and Friends.  ISBN 9780312650087. 259 p.

SUMMARY

On her fifteenth birthday, Deuce finally receives her name.  In a community with an extremely high mortality rate, people are not given a name until that age and rarely live to see their twenty-fifth birthday.  Deuce lives underground in the tunnels of New York City sometime in the future.  As a newly named Huntress, she and the other Hunters must provide meat for their enclave which means that they must hunt among the human-eating Freaks that also inhabit the tunnels.  Deuce is paired with quiet and mysterious Fade, a boy who once lived in an even more hostile environment above ground, Topside.  As they work together, Deuce and Fade learn how truly threatened their way of life is and how little their elders know.  Trouble is brewing, and things are suddenly out of Deuce’s and Fade’s control.                

CRITICAL ANALYSIS

Enclave by Ann Aguirre is a fascinating dystopian novel that will pull readers through a unique and entertaining journey into the future.  The story features a fifteen year old female protagonist, Deuce, who proves to be an exceptionally strong character and also features a slightly older male, Fade, who is an equally strong character.  Told as a first person narrative, Aguirre describes Deuce’s experiences with well developed chapters that are easy to read.  Mutant-like Freaks and many action-filled scenes will appeal especially to male readers, and Ann Aguirre manages to add a touch of romance amidst all of the deadly action that may appeal to females as well.   Aguirre develops a cast of believable characters and is not afraid to injure them or end their lives.  The ending, although satisfying, hints at the possibility of a sequel.  Enclave’s nice metallic book cover is attractive but a little misleading.  The Freak’s fingers on the back cover are supposed to be claws but actually look like normal human fingers with long nails.  Fans of Divergent by Veronica Roth and The Hunger Games by Suzanne Collins will not want to miss this book.      

If you come softly by Jacqueline Woodson

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BIBLIOGRAPHY

Woodson, J. (1998). If you come softly.  New York, NY: G.P. Putnam’s Sons.  ISBN 0399231129. 181 p.

SUMMARY

Miah (Jeremiah) and Ellie (Elisha) have certain things in common.  They are both attending Percy Academy for the first time.  They’re both in their sophomore year of high school and are in the same history class.  Miah is an only child, and Ellie is the only child left at home since she’s the youngest.  Their differences, however, outnumber their similarities.  Ellie is Jewish, and Miah is not.  Ellie’s parents are still married, but Miah’s parents are divorced.  Miah’s parents are famous, but Ellie’s are not.  They live in different neighborhoods.  Ellie is white, and Miah is black.  Despite their differences, they are inexplicably drawn to each other and form a beautiful relationship that so many people would love to have, but can they really enjoy a future together?     

CRITICAL ANALYSIS

Jacqueline Woodson, author of if you come softly, employs two protagonists in this story.  Readers will get to know both fifteen year olds Ellie and Jeremiah quite well since the chapters are narrated by both individuals and alternate between the two characters.  Readers will feel the protagonists’ problems, concerns, pains, and joyful moments.  Woodson touches upon sensitive subjects that include homosexuality, discrimination, and racial stereotyping, but she does so with honesty and finesse.  With touches of poetry interwoven, Jacqueline Woodson leads her readers through a brief story of an interracial relationship that may leave her audience wanting more.